The characteristic symptom is sharp heel pain with the first steps in the morning or after sitting for a prolonged period, located at the base of the heel. It often improves after a few minutes of walking but returns with prolonged standing. These features are quite distinctive. Diagnosis is clinical; X-ray or ultrasound/MRI may be used to confirm atypical cases.

Both ankle sprains and fractures produce pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty weight bearing. The Ottawa Ankle Rules guide whether X-rays are needed: bony tenderness over the tip or posterior aspect of either malleolus, or over the navicular or base of the fifth metatarsal, indicates the need for imaging. When in doubt, always seek evaluation, untreated fractures can lead to malalignment and early arthritis.

Yes, non-surgical management in a functional boot can achieve good outcomes, particularly in sedentary or less active patients. However, for active patients who want to return to sports, surgical repair significantly reduces the re-rupture rate and improves return-to-sport outcomes. We’ll discuss the evidence and your personal goals.

Not always, many people with flat feet have no symptoms and require no treatment. When associated with pain or functional limitation, custom orthotics and PT are typically very effective. When caused by progressive posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, early treatment is important because the deformity can worsen significantly over time.

Most ankle sprains heal well with rest, ice, compression, elevation, and progressive rehabilitation with an ankle brace. Seek evaluation if you cannot bear weight, if there is significant bony tenderness, or if swelling and pain don’t improve within a few days. Even with ‘simple’ sprains, supervised PT significantly reduces the risk of developing chronic ankle instability.